What Are the Dangers of a Water Birth?

According to both the American Pregnancy Association and the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, water births have become more popular over the last 25 to 30 years. Proponents contend that a water birth provides pain relief and decreases the need for a cesarean section, though neither of these claims has yet been proven through a large, randomized clinical study. Opponents believe that there can be harmful effects for the fetus or the mother.

  1. Embolism

    • According the Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists, water could enter the mother's blood stream if the placenta is delivered under water, but they say that there is no evidence to prove that this is a real risk rather than a theoretical one.

    Aspiration

    • There is also a small risk that water could be aspirated by the baby. This is very small since babies do not breathe until they are exposed to air or until the cord is cut, but if the cord is twisted enough where oxygen cannot get from through the cord and to the baby, it could cause him to breathe too early.

    Herpes

    • A mother could possibly transfer herpes to her child in the water, as the virus is easily transmittable in water, according to the American Pregnancy Association. If you have herpes and want to have a water birth, it is best to discuss it with your doctor.

    Pre-Term Labor

    • If you have prepared for a water birth, but end up in pre-term labor, then you may need a regular birth to minimize the risk of potential complications and give providers quick access to the baby.

    Other Situations

    • There are other situations in which water birth may not be ideal and you should discuss with your doctor whether it is an option for you. These include a breech baby, diagnosis of excessive bleeding or maternal infection, if you are having multiples and if you have toxemia or preeclampsia.

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