Basics of a Variable Frequency Drive

Variable frequency drives are parts of machinery that are often small and easy to incorporate into most electronic devices. They control how fast or slow an electronic device operates by managing the amount of variable currents that pass through the electronic device.

  1. Identification

    • Variable frequency drives are pieces of electronic equipment that serve as systems for controlling variable frequencies found in alternating currents. This is considered a type of adjustable speed drive. Adjustable speed drives control the speed of the machinery.

    Function

    • Variable frequency drives manage the frequency found in the electrical power coming from the motor. The motor is responsible for controlling the speed, torque, direction and horsepower of the motor. Six diodes, which are one-way conductors of electricity found in the converter, serve as the input section of the driver. Negative halves of waveforms are constructed into positive halves. The waveform then goes into the inverter, where DC voltage transforms into AC voltage. Most of the modern inverters create a variable AC voltage and frequency output. The drive's control board determines the carrier frequency by determining how often the control circuits are turned on and off. This carrier frequency controls how slow or fast the machinery operates.

    Benefits

    • Variable frequency drives are used as components in a variety of different systems such as ventilation systems, pumps, conveyors and machine tool drives. These drivers are essential for equipment that must operate at different speeds. With ventilation systems, the variable frequency drive creates the benefit of saving energy by only generating what is needed for proper ventilation.

    Types

    • The types of variable frequency drives are the constant voltage, constant current and the cycloconverter. With constant voltage converters, intermediate DC voltage is constant. With constant current, the current is delivered nearly constantly thanks to the inductor that is placed between the input rectifier and the output bridge. With cycloconverters, each output terminal is connected to the right input phase.

    Features

    • Variable frequency drives are made up of the AC motor, controller and operator interface. The motor is a three-phase induction motor, the controller is a solid state electronic power converter device and the operator is the control panel that allows a human to start and stop the variable frequency device. The motor is made up of two types: the AC motor and the DC motor.

    Potential

    • Variable frequency drives will be smaller and cheaper in the future. These drives are also becoming increasingly more reliable and easy to use.

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