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Making a Terrarium

Types of terrariums

Making a Terrarium

Handiwords

A terrarium is a glass case with earth in it, where plants and flowers can grow.

Creating a terrarium – a glass case with earth in it, where plants and flowers can grow – is a super activity to begin during the long winter months, when a bit of greenery perks up anyone's spirits.

Ideas for containers:

If you plan a terrarium with a large-mouthed container or dome, smaller children can easily help. Narrow-necked bottles provide sufficient challenge for older children and adults. Most planters you can plant by hand, but those with smaller openings will require special tools. They take a little practice, but once you learn how to use them they become second nature.

Look for miniature plants in nurseries and grocery-store plant departments. Pick plants that are compatible and that do well in the same environment.

You also need to consider temperature and moisture requirements. Some plants need a closed container with high humidity, some need a partially open one, and some an uncovered one. Generally, the narrower the neck of the container, the less likely the need for a cover.

Location of the terrarium will play a part, too. If it will be in a sunny place, succulents may work best. A succulent is a water retaining plant that does well in arid conditions (e.g., jade plant, Christmas cactus, sedum). If the terrarium will have a lot of shade and moisture, in a bathroom for instance, then ferns and mosses will most likely be a good choice.

It's easy to misjudge size, so take your container along when you go shopping for plants, if possible, to be sure they'll fit. Think about color and texture, too. Work toward creating some dramatic contrasts.

Bet You Didn't Know

The first terrarium came about in 1829. It was invented by Dr. Nathanial Ward, an Englishman, who wanted to watch the adult sphinx moth emerge from its chrysalis. He took the soil where the chrysalis was resting and put it in a glass jar with a metal lid. He discoverd plants grew well in this environment. (No one knows if he ever saw the sphinx moth, though.)

Here are some plants you may want to use:

Small plants:

• Ferns in the Pteris family
• Grape ivy
• Boxwood shoots

Medium plants:

• Chinese evergreen
• Peperomia
• Fittonias
• Small-leafed ivy
• Pileas

Ground covers:

• Baby's tears
• Mosses
• Crinkle leaf peperomia
• Wandering Jew
• Selaginellas
• Strawberry begonia

Flowering plants:

• African violets
• Miniature orchids
• Miniature roses
• Gloxinia
• Miniature geraniums
• Pilea
• Begonias
• Wintergreen

Desert plants (for a desertarium):

• Old man cactus
• Opuntia
• Bishop's cap
• Aloes
• Bunny ear cactus
• Kalanchoes
• Tiger jaw cactus
• Crassulas
• Sand dollar cactus
• Echeverias

Building your terrarium

Once you've got your container and your plants, you're ready to create a terrarium. Here's what you'll need:

• A wire hanger
• Pieces of rubber and sponge
• Horticultural charcoal (available from your local nursery)
• Potting soil
• Gravel
• A funnel
• A shovel (can be an iced-tea spoon)
• A placer (can be a wire puller from the hardwarestore)
• A tamper (can be a dowel with a cork on the end)
• Long-handled tweezers (find these at a aquarium supply store; some skilled people use chopsticks in a similar way)
• A small, soft-bristled brush
• Cotton swabs
• A sprayer bottle
• A kitchen baster
• Long scissors

You'll also need a mixture of soil. Here's a recipe:

• 1 part sand
• 1 part topsoil
• 1 part leaf mold or peat moss

The soil you choose will depend somewhat on the plants you decide on...desert, tropical, or forest plants will all require different soils. Books on terrariums usually provide soil recipes or your local nursery might help with the right ingredient proportions. Some experimentation might be required.

Now you're ready to create a living landscape. First plant the larger plants, then the smaller ones. Next come the trailing plants and ground covers. Fill in with gravel or redwood chips and add any finishing touches.

Don't be afraid of making a mistake. It can easily be corrected. If a plant is in the wrong place, just move it. If it looks like it's going to outgrow the container, you can trim it back.

Watering will vary based on how much moisture you added when you first put the plants in, the types of plants in your terrarium, the temperature of the room, the size of the opening, and the humidity of the room (if your terrarium is even partially open).

You'll learn when to water your terrarium by observation. If there's no more condensation appearing, you need to water. If the terrarium feels particularly light when you pick it up, it probably needs water. If you can easily open the top of the terrarium, the best way to tell if it needs water is to feel the soil. After a while, you'll probably be able to tell just by looking at your terrarium when it's dry or you'll find that a watering schedule begins to emerge.

You'll need to air the terrarium every so often, even with plants that like a lot of humidity. If you find a lot of condensation, water standing at the bottom, or signs of fungus, mold, or mildew, open up the container and let in some drying air. Again, over time you'll probably see a fairly regular interval emerging: You may need to let in some air once a week or less.

Experiment with the amount of light you give your terrarium. You'll also have to trim and fertilize your plants from time to time. Generally, plants that need strong light do best in a window that faces west or south, while low-light plants favor a north or east-facing window. Use a houseplant fertilizer diluted twice as much as is recommended for regular houseplants. Use a baster or funnel to get the fertilizer into the soil-avoid getting it on the leaves of the plants.

Once you've grown a few of your own plants, take some of the leaves or flowers and press them into ornaments with this pressed flower project.