What Is a Visual Motor Disability?
When a person has a problem perceiving what he sees, his brain records or processes that visual information incorrectly. A likely result of this is what's known as a visual motor disability, in which the brain misinforms the muscles on how to respond when engaged in activities requiring hand-eye coordination. In addition to causing a person difficulty performing many common, everyday tasks, like tying shoelaces or throwing or catching a ball, a visual motor impairment can also create learning disabilities, including difficulty reading and writing.
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Visual Impairments
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Not all people with visual perceptual disabilities develop visual motor disabilities, but all people with visual motor disabilities also have visual perceptual problems. This difficulty interpreting visual information could cause a person challenges ranging from trouble putting together a jigsaw puzzle to problems learning basic reading skills. Students unable to accurately process information a teacher writes on a blackboard, for example, will be unable to transcribe that information.
Motor Impairments
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People with a visual perceptual disability commonly misjudge depth and distance, causing them motor impairments such as difficulty walking straight and a proneness to bumping into things. Someone with a visual motor disability might have trouble throwing or catching a ball, coloring within the lines or driving a car. She may also have trouble learning to write -- including problems with capitalization, spelling and punctuation -- and generally transferring thoughts into print and editing what she has written.
Tactile Sensitivity
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A common trait among people with visual motor disabilities is a dislike of being touched, even if it's to be hugged or cuddled. They may also resist wearing clothing that they experience to be too tight or too rough in texture. While they still may possess the desire for closeness and affection, they may be unable to accept or express it physically.
Balance
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A visual motor disability sometimes corresponds with impairment in vestibular function. As the vestibules of the inner ear are responsible for one's sense of balance, this could cause a person with vestibular impairment to have difficulty riding a bicycle or sitting down and standing back up. This type of impairment may also cause frequent dizziness or disorientation. A physical sign of vestibular difficulties is weakness in the muscles of the upper trunk, as these are among the muscles the brain engages most to keep the body balanced in relation to gravity.
Emotional Issues
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Learning disabilities like visual motor disability often contain an emotional component in which the individual experiences frustration or shame at their disability. These emotions then end up exacerbating many of the symptoms. Children in school and adults in the work force with visual motor deficits could experience high levels of stress focused around their inability to perform according to the basic expectations of their school or employer, such as lacking the ability to communicate in writing.
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